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excretion in human beings | this is mainly for class 10.

Excretion In Humans Beings.

if you see excretion with urinary system as well as excretory system so, this is right place.

Excretion In Humans Beings-

WHAT IS EXCRETION-

We have already discussed how organisms get rid of gaseous wastes generates during photosynthesis or respiration. other metabolic wastes generate nitrogenous materials which need to be removed. the biotic process involved in the excrete of these harmful metabolic wastes from the body is called excretion. 

Different organisms use varied strategies to do this. Many multicellular organisms remove these wastes by spreading (simple diffusion) to the body surface into the surrounding water. As we have seen above in other processes, complex multi-cellular organisms use unique organs to perform the same function.

EXCRETION IN HUMAN BEINGS- 

Excretion in human beings of The excretory system of human beings includes a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra. kidneys are located in the lower abdomen, one on either side of the backbone. Urine makes in the kidneys which is passes through the ureters inside the urinary bladder where it is stored until it is released through the urethra.

How is urine produced? the purpose of making urine is to filter out waste products from the blood.in the lungs, nitrogenous waste such as urea or uric acid are removed from blood in the kidneys. It is no surprise matter that the basic filtration  unit in the kidneys, in the lungs, cluster of very thin walled blood capillaries.

every capillary cluster present in the kidney is attach with the cup-shaped end of the tube which collects the filtered urine. each kidney has large no. of these filtration units called Nephrone packed close together. Some substances in the initial filtrate, such as glucose, amino acids, salts and major amount of water, are selectively re-absorbed as the urine flows along the tube.

  The amount of water re-absorbed depends on how much excess water there is in the body, and on how much dissolved waste there is to be excreted. the urine produced in each kidney in lastly  enters a long tube, the ureter, that connects the kidneys with the urinary bladder.

Urine is stored in the urinary bladder leads to the urge to pass it out through the urethra. the bladder is muscular, so it is under nervous control, as we have discussed else where. as a result, we can ordinarily control the urge. we can usually control the urge to urinate.

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 revision of life processes so, hit this-https://k43d.blogspot.com/2019/01/revision-of-life-processes.html.

revision of sources of energy so, hit this-https://k43d.blogspot.com/2019/01/sources-of-energy-full-revision.html.

revision of full tenses so,hit this-https://k43d.blogspot.com/2019/01/tenses-with-revision-chart.html.

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Sources of energy full revision.

Sources of energy

Law of conservation of mass- Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.

 Non-renewable sources- Energy sources which are use traditionally from many years and are about deplete over a period of time are called conventional or non-renewable sources. Eg.-coal, petroleum, and natural gas etc.                                                                                        
Renewable sources- Energy sources which do not deplete and are scarcely used by the population are called the non-conventional or renewable sources of energy ,Eg.- solar energy,wind energy etc. 

• A good source of energy will have high calorific value, is easy to store and transport, and it is economical and eco-friendly.

Biomass- it is agricultural and and animal wastes that can be used as a fuel. for example- firewood, cattle dung, sewage, dry leaves, etc.

Charcoal- it is better fuel than wood because it does not contain water and other volatile material which are present in wood. Charcoal burns without smoke, flames and has high calorific value.   

Bio-gas- it is produced by anaerobic decomposition of the slurry(cow dung+water mixture) by microbes.

• Bio-gas-  it is contain an excellent fuel and contains 75% methane. it burns without smoke, leaves no residues like ash, with high heat capacity.

Wind energy- it is eco-friendly , renewable source of energy. wind mills can be established only at those places where wind speed is above 15 km/h.

Solar energy- the energy emitted by the sun in the form of heat and light is called solar energy. it is renewable source of energy.

• A large no. of devices like solar cooker, solar furnaces, solar cells and solar water heaters and utilizes solar energy directly.                                            
• Solar heating devices use black painted surface because black surface absorbs more heat as compared to other surfaces.

Solar cooker- it is converts solar energy into heat energy.

Solar cell- A solar cell is a device that converts solar energy into electricity. A large no. of solar cells are combined in an arrangement called solar cell panel.  

Gallium and silicon are used to make solar cells. silver is used for inter connection of cells.

Tidal energy- it is the energy possessed by water during tides. tidal energy is converted into electricity at the dam.

Ocean thermal energy- The power plants used to harness the ocean thermal energy is known as "Ocean thermal energy conversion plant"(OTEC).

Geothermal energy- Energy stored as heat inside the earth is geothermal energy.

Nuclear energy- it is the energy which is stored in the nucleus of an atom. it is of two types: Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion.

                Important equations-

• The flow of energy to run a turbine in power station is: Fossil fuels>heat energy>mechanical energy>electrical energy. 

                 Important diagrams-

SOLAR COOKER-

BIO-GAS PLANT-

HYDROELECTRICITY-

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Revision of Life Processes.

LIFE PROCESSES

• Life Processes-  these are the basic functions performed by living organisms for their survival and body maintenance. 

• It includes Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion etc.

• Nutrition- There are two types of nutrition: autotrophic and heterotrophic.

• Photosynthesis- It is the process by which green plants make their own food with the help of CO2 and H2O in the presence chlorophyll and sunlight.

• Raw materials for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water.

• Site for photosynthesis is chloroplast in the leaf . Chloroplast contain green colour pigment called chlorophyll.

• Main events of photosynthesis are:

          1. Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.                                                                           2. Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into                 3.  hydrogen and oxygen.                                                                                                                      4.   Reduction of carbon dioxide.  

• Stomata- stomata are tiny pores are present on the surface of the leaves. Exchange of gases and transpiration takes place through stomata.
• The opening and closing of stomata is a function of the guard cells.                                                
• Heterotrophic Nutrition- this is of three types: Holozoic(eg- amoeba, animals), Saprophytic(eg- fungi) Parasitic(eg- Cuscuta).                                                                                   
• Nutrition in amoeba- Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface(Known as pseudopodia), which fuse over the food particle forming a food vacuole.                                                                                                                         
• Human digestive system- In humans, digestion begins the mouth and gets completed in small intestine.                                                                                                             
• Respiration- It is a process in living organisms involving the production of energy.
• There are two modes of respiration: aerobic(in the presence of oxygen) and anaerobic(in the absence of oxygen).                                                                                                                              
• Human respiratory system- It involves the passage of air through the respiratory system.                                                                                                                                    
• Mechanism of breathing- It involves two processes: Inhalation and exhalation.
• In human beings, oxygen is transported by haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is respiratory pigment present in RBCs, which have a very high affinity for oxygen.
• carbon dioxide is more soluble in water.  than oxygen and hence is mostly transported as dissolved form in our blood .
• Terrestrial organism uses atmospheric oxygen for respiration.
• Aquatic organisms uses oxygen dissolved in water.                                                                              
• Respiration in plants- Gaseous exchange occur through stomata in leaves, lenticels in stems, general surface of the roots and transpiration.                                                             
• The Circulatory system in human beings consists of: a circulatory medium (blood and lymph), blood vessels ( veins, arteries and capillaries) and heart.
• Humans have double circulation. In this, the blood travels twice through the heart in one complete cycle of the body.                                                                                                                              
• Pulmonary circulation- Blood moves from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart .
• Systemic circulation-Blood moves from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart.
• BLOOD Is a fluid connective tissue. It comprises of four components -Plasma, RBCs WBCs, and platelets.
• LYMPH is a yellowish fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries into the intercellular spaces. lymph flows from the tissue to the heart assisting in transportation an destroying germs.
• TRANSPORTATION in plants occurs via xylem and phloem.
• XYLEM carries water and minerals from roots to other parts of plants while PHLOEM carries food from leaves to other parts of the plants. 
• TRANSPIRATION is the process by which plants lose water in the form of vapours.
• TRANSLOCATION is the transport of food from leaves (food factory) to different parts of the plants.
• The process the removal the harmful metabolic wastes from the body is called EXCRETION.
• EXCRETORY SYSTEM of human beings includes a pair of kidneys, a urinary bladder, a pair of ureter and a urethra.
• KIDNEY removes waste product from the blood i.e., urea which is produce in the liver.  
•  NEPHRON is the functional and structural unit of kidney.
• The urine formation involves three steps: Glomerular filtration, tubular re-absorption and secretion.                                                                                                                                                    
• Hemodialysis- It is the process of purifying blood by an artificial kidney. It is meant for kidney failure patient.

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS:-

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD VESSELS-

1.ARTERIES-   They carry blood away from the heart to various organs of the body.

2.VEINS- They collect blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart.

3.CAPILLRIES- Exchange of material between the blood and surrounding cells takes place across                              the thin walls of capillaries. 

DIFERRENCE B/W ARTERIES AND VEINS:-

Arteries-1.They are thick walled.

                      2.they have no valves

                      3.carry oxygenated blood except, pulmonary artery.

Veins-     1. They are thin walled.

                      2.they have halves.

                      3.carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein.  

GLANDS AND THEIR SECRETIONS:-

1.Salivary glands-    Saliva 

2.Gastric glands-     Gastric juice, HCL, mucus and pepsin 

3.Liver-                     Bile juice

4.Intestinal glands-  Intestinal juice

5.Pancrease-             Pancreatic juice, trypsin, lipase, and amylase

AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:-

Aerobic- 1.It takes place in the presence of oxygen.

                2.Product obtained are CO2 and H2O.

                3.More energy is produced.

Anaerobic-  1. It takes place in the absence of oxygen.

                     2. products obtained vary.

                     3. Less energy is produced.

→ In humans, air takes the following path:

Nostrils↣  Nasal passage ↣ Pharynx ↣ Larynx ↣ Trachea ↣  Bronchus ↣  Bronchiole ↣  Alveolus.

Photosynthesis process:-  

Glucose breakdown:-

 Leafe cross-section:-

Stomata:-

human heart:-

Respiratory system:-

Human alimentary canal:- 

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tenses with examples | tenses with revision chart

TENSES WITH EXAMPLES

tenses with examples-  if you are looking, tenses with examples with full grammar tenses and follow these tenses rules with verb tenses So, this is the right place. Then share this tenses with examples to your friends.

TENSES WITH EXAMPLES

Hi! friends my name is Sumit singh and, first of all you will be 

reading the main tenses and then the revision notes. So,

let's start.

grammar tenses-

2.PRESENT 

Simple tense- To express habits or general truth.                                                                       To indicate a future event on a designated dates as part of a plane or arrangement. 

With 'mental action' verbs: like, love, want, need, believe, etc.

    

     Sub+v1+ Ob.

     Eg.- I eat pizza everyday.

Continuous tense- To indicate action going on at the time of speaking.

To indicate temporary action which may not be happening at the time of speaking with the habitual action verb. especially to indicate a stubborn habit.

          

              Sub+(is/am/are)+(v1 +ing+Ob)

             Eg.- I am eating pizza right now.

Perfect tense- To indicate past action which is not defined by a time of occurence.

To indicate an action which started in the past and has continued until now. 

Sub+(have/has)+v3+ob

Eg.- I have eaten all of the pizza. 

Perfect continuous-  to indicate an action which started at some point in the past and may or may not be completed.   

Sub+(have/has)been+(v1+ing)+ob+since/for.

Eg.-I have been eating pizza for two hours.

2. PAST

Simple tense- to indicate a past habit-or an action already completed. 

can be used with or without adverbs of time.

                

                Sub+v2+Ob.

                Eg.- I ate pizza yesterday.

Continous tense- To indicate uncompleted action of the past.(with or without time reference).

To indicate the persistent habits of the past (with always, continuously, forever, etc.)               

    Sub+was/were+(v1+ing)+Ob.                            

     Eg.- I was eating pizza when you arrived.

Perfect- To signalize a completed action of the past that happened before another  took occurrence place. 

   Sub+had+v3+Ob.                                                

   Eg.- I had eaten all of the pizza before you arrive.

Perfect Continuous- To indicate an action in the past that began before a certain point in the past and continued up until that time.

         Sub+had been+(v1+ing)+Ob+ Since/for.

Eg.-I had been eating pizza for two hours when you arrived.

3.FUTURE

Simple tense.- to indicate an action, condition, or circumstance which has not taken place yet. 

Sub+will/shall+v1+ob.

Eg.- I shall eat pizza tomorrow.

Continuous-  To indicate what will be going in at some time in the future.

To indicate planned future events.

Sub+will be/shall be+(v1+ing)+Ob.

Eg.- he will be eating pizza. 

Perfect- To indicate an action that will complete before another event takes place. 

Sub+will have/shall have+v3+ob.

Eg.-I shall have eaten all of the pizza by the you arrive.

Perfect Continuous- to indicate an action that will have happened for some time and will not be complete yet at a certain point in the future. 

Sub+will/shall have been+(v1+ing)+ob+ since/for.

Eg.-I shall have been eating pizza for two hours when you arrive.

 tenses with revision chart-

1. PAST

Simple-  v2

Continuous- was/were +V +ing.

Perfect- Had + v3

Perfect Continuous- Had been + ing + since +/for.

2.PRESENT

Simple- v1+ s/es + with singular subject only.

Continuous- is/am/are + ing

Perfect- has/have + v3

Perfect Continuous- has/have + been + v + ing + since/for.

3. FUTURE

Simple- will/shall+v1

Continuous- will be/shall be + v + ing.

Perfect- will have/shall have + v3

Perfect continuous- will have/shall have+been+v+ing+since/for.

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why we say, girls are hot and boys are cool ???

 COOL BOYS...

  HOT GIRLS... 

Often we say to girls that, you are looking very "HOT".
And same sentence we say boys that, you are looking 
"COOL". Why is this, why we do not say potatoes, onion,
or ice instead of 'hot and cool'.

Hi friends, my name is Sumit singh. Now, I will tell you 
a scientific cause and reason behind it and this is 100 percent real.

Now the reason is that, "CHICKEN" yes chicken. When a chicken gives the egg, then we can already predict that, the egg is in the male or female. How is it now. If the season is summer that is the, 'chicken' that means female. 
And if the season is winter that is the, 'cock' that means
male. So, hot season it means girl and cool season it means boy. This is a real, scientific and small reason that we say girls are hot and boys are cool.

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20-stunning words which make you.......

some impressive

words....

1. Stunning

------It means, Impressive or attractive.

2. Elegant 

------It means, Graceful or stylish.

3. Demure

------It means, shy.                   

    

   4. Glamorous

-----It means, Beautiful or Attractive.

 5. Chic        

------It means, Dashing or Flattering.

 6. Galvanize

------It means, Inspire or motivate.

    7. Phenomenal

------It means, Outstanding.

   8. Exceptional

------It means, Unexpected or rare.

 9. Alluring  

------It means, Charm or Fascinating.

  10. Engage  

------It means, sweat or lovable.

  11. Divine    

------It means, Blessed or holy.

  12. Seraphic  

-----It means, Blissful or Joyful.

  13. Rapturous 

------It means, Happy.

  14. Gory           

------It means, Brutal or Charming.

 15. Carefree     

-----It means, Relaxed or Casual.

16. Elevated      

-----It means, Raised or Excited.

17. August        

-----It means, well Thought of or Respected.

18. Febrile       

-----It means, Hot or Burning.

  19. Renowned     

-----It means, Famous or Celebrated.

20. Astounding   

------It means, Shocking or Amazing.